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School districts and individual teachers face different eligibility rules, a spending restriction that catches whole budgets, and a funding calendar that does not line up with a school year.

A city or county applying for federal money is usually applying to a state, under federal rules, on a timeline that starts long before the notice appears. What to read, and in what order.

Three jobs a nonprofit has to do before writing anything: read the eligibility section properly, work out what a match would actually cost, and build a calendar backwards from the deadline.

Research funding runs on rules that are invisible in a listing: who may hold an award, what an indirect cost rate is applied to, and how long the gap between submission and money actually is.

Ownership tests, the difference between a grant and a loan programme, and the one field that decides whether a small business can actually use an award it wins.

Tribal governments and tribally designated organisations face an eligibility landscape nobody else does: dedicated set-asides, a recognition test that is binary, and listing vocabularies that flatten the distinctions.