Glossary

The annual return a private foundation files with the IRS. It is the source of foundation giving history — who received money, how much, in what year — and it lags 12 to 18 months behind the giving it reports, so every figure drawn from one is published with its filing year attached.

A disbursement method where funds are paid to the recipient before the spending happens. Some programs mix advances and reimbursements across phases, and a record stores the arrangement the notice describes rather than the simpler of the two labels.

The largest amount a single applicant can be awarded under one program. It is not the amount of money the program holds, and a second cap — per unit, per acre, per head of livestock — may bring an individual award below it.

The smallest award a program expects to make. Many notices publish a ceiling and no floor, in which case the field reads Not stated — we do not infer a floor from programs that look similar.

The nine-digit Employer Identification Number the IRS assigns to a US organisation, written as 12-3456789. It is the only reliable way to tell two similarly named organisations apart, and it is stored and rendered as a figure so a column of them aligns digit for digit.

A single stated close date and time, including its time zone. Stored to the minute where the source states one, and rendered in a fixed format — never as "closing soon", which cannot be cited and quietly ages into a false statement.

Announced funding that has no open application period. It cannot be applied for today, and a record says so plainly rather than implying a window — a forecast presented like an open program sends applicants to a portal that will not take their submission.

Money the recipient must contribute alongside the award, expressed as a ratio or a percentage. A program requiring no match stores "No" rather than an empty field, because "no match required" and "the notice did not say" are different facts and only one of them is safe to plan around.

The identifier a state or federal portal assigns to one opportunity. It is how a record can be traced back to the exact source listing rather than to a search result, and it is the field that makes a citation checkable instead of merely plausible.

The total a grant program has allocated across every award it will make in one cycle. It is not an amount any single applicant can receive, and on a typical program it is ten to thirty times larger than the largest individual award.

A disbursement method where the recipient spends first and is repaid against receipts. It changes the cash-flow requirement of an award more than any other field: a $500,000 reimbursement grant requires an organisation that can carry $500,000 of spending before the first payment arrives.

An application process accepted continuously, with no fixed close date. It is stored as "Rolling" rather than as an empty deadline field, because a blank deadline reads as a missing date and rolling is a stated fact about how the program runs.